Gallstones are a common yet often overlooked health issue affecting millions globally. These hardened deposits in the gallbladder can remain asymptomatic for years. However, recent studies and epidemiological data in our country highlight a concerning link between gallstones and gallbladder cancer (GBC). This underscores the importance of early detection and awareness.
Times Now Digital spoke to Dr Aparna Govil Bhasker, Consultant Bariatric and Laparoscopic Surgeon, MetaHeal - Laparoscopy and Bariatric Surgery Center, Mumbai; Saifee, Apollo, and Namaha Hospitals, Mumbai - about how gallstones and gallbladder cancer.
Gallstones and Cancer Risk: The Indian Perspective
Gallbladder cancer is a significant health concern in India, contributing to approximately 10% of the global gall bladder cancer burden. The incidence is notably high in North, North-East, Central, and Eastern India, where the disease often presents at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis.
While gallstones are very common, gallbladder cancer is relatively rare. Most people with gallstones or gallbladder inflammation do not develop cancer. However, the risk of gall bladder cancer is about five times higher in individuals with a history of gallbladder conditions, particularly gallstones, compared to those without them.
Factors Contributing to Risk of Gall Bladder Cancer
Chronic Inflammation and Mucosal Injury:
Gallstones irritate the gallbladder lining, leading to inflammation and precancerous changes.
Environmental and Lifestyle Factors:
In India, exposure to environmental pollutants, heavy metals, adulterated mustard oil, and chronic infections like Salmonella typhi and Helicobacter pylori exacerbate the risk.
Geographic Disparities:
The higher prevalence in specific regions may be linked to soil and water contamination by industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and sewage, creating a "toxic environment" that amplifies the carcinogenic potential of gallstones.
Unique Characteristics of Gall Bladder Cancer in India
In contrast to the West, gall bladder cancer in India tends to affect younger individuals, typically in their 5th and 6th decades of life. These cases are frequently diagnosed late due to a lack of early symptoms, highlighting the need for greater public and medical awareness.
Prevention and Early Detection
While gallbladder cancer is rare, early detection of gallstones and management of other risk factors are critical in high-risk regions like India. Key steps include:
Healthy Lifestyle:
Balanced diets and maintaining a healthy weight can reduce gallstone formation. Read More
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